Woven fabric.



PATENTED JULY 26,1904.

T.B.DORNAN. WOVEN FABRIC. APPLICATION FILED MAY 14, 1904.

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No. 765,961. PATENTED JULY 26, 1904.

T. B. DORNAN. WOVEN FABRIC.

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T. B. DORNAN.

WOVEN FABRIC.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 14, 1904.

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MTV/A 4 UNITED STATES Patented July 26, 1904.

THOMAS BENTON DORNAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

WOVEN FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 765,961, dated July 26,1904.

Application filed May 14, 1904. Serial No. 207,950. (No specimens.)

To (all w/m/it it via/1,7, concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS BENTON DOR- NAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia andState of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin IVoven Fabrics, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My invention relates to woven fabrics such as are used for carpets andrugs, and more particularly to that class of such fabrics in which thepattern and color effects are produced by figuring weft-threads andfiguring warp-threads associated with suitable binderthreads.

My invention has for its objects'tight weaving and homogeneity, withconsequent durability and strength; an arrangement of binderwarp-threads so that a heavy strain is placed upon them at the pointswhere they perform the work of binding the binder weft-threads, therebyembedding all of the binder-threads in the fabric and minimizing theirvisibility on the face of the fabric and deeply indenting thefiguring-threads; reversibility of the fabric, economy in the cost ofproduction, purity of color effects and embossed appearance, and theattainment of a considerable number and variety of colorings andcontrasting varieties of structural appearance.

Other objects of my invention will appear from the following descriptionof the carpet fabric shown in the accompanying drawings and embodying myinvention. I will now describe such fabric and will thereafter point outmy invention in claims.

Figures 1 to 15, inclusive, are diagrammatical longitudinal sections orsections taken on planes parallel to the war 'i-threads and at rightangles to the weft-threads of portions of the fabric, each view showingtwo consecutive sets of weft-threads and the different views showing thedifierent arrangements or color effects attainable in one fabric withone sequence of threads. Fig. 16 is a transverse section of a portion ofthe fabric on a plane indicated by the line 16 16, Fig. 1. Fig. 17 is asimilar view on a plane indicated by the line 17 17, Fig. 5. Fig. 18 isa longitudinal section of a portion of the fabric, showing aslightly-modified arrangement of binderthreads. The several effects ofFigs. 1, 2, 5, and 6 are here successively shown with thisslightly-modified arrangement of threads.

In the several views the threads shown in cross-section are exaggeratedin size relatively to the threads longitudinally shown, and the threadslongitudinally shown are vertically separated for clearness ofillustration, their approximate relative positions being shown wherethey are in cross-section.

The fabric is provided with binder weftthreads and figuring weft-threadsin sets of eight weft-threads each, each set comprising in successiontwo binder weft-threads 1 and 2,two figuring weft-threads 3 and 4, twobinder weftthreads 5 and 6, and two figuring weft-threads 7 and 8. heresolid colored effects are desirable, the two figuring weft-threads 3 and7 will both be of the same color and the two figuring weft-threads 4Land 8 will both be of the same color. Assuming such a disposition ofcolors, the figuring weft-threads 3and 7 may be black and the figuringweft-threads 4 and 8 may be red. The binder weft-threads contribute tothe color effects only .in that they form thin transverse lines betweenthe figuring-threads, and we may assume that all of the binderweftthreads are brown. As, however, the binder weft-threads may bemaintained always in the same ply throughout a fabric, they may bedifferently colored to harmonize with prevailing color effects on theface and back of the fabric.

The fabric is provided with binder warpthreads and figuringwarp-threads. We may warp-threads is shown in Figs. 17 and 18. Thearrangement shown would provide in each dent of the reed in succession afiguring warp-thread A, a figuring warp-thread B, two

binder warpthreads 0 and (Z, a figuring warp-thread A, and a figuringwarp-thread B. This enables the figuring warp threads to be brought tothe surface in pairs of the same color, the several pairs of figuringwarpthreads on each surface being separated by binder warp-threads.

In the weaving of the fabric shown the binder warp-threads may becontrolled by journals or heddles. The lifts of the figuringwarp-threads are the same throughout the fabric and are as follows:first shot, binder 0 up; second shot, bind er (Z up; third shot, binder0 up; fourth shot, binder 0 up; fifth shot, binder (Z up; sixth shot,binder 0 up; seventh shot, binder (Z up; eighth shot, binder (Z up. Thefiguring warp threads are preferably controlled by jacquard mechanismfor selecting and lifting the threads to produce the desired pattern andcolor effects.

In the weaving of the color effect shown in Fig. 1, which is a wefteffect and would be solid black on the face and solid red on the backwith the colors above mentioned, the lifting of the binder warp-threadsWould. be as above stated, the binder-warp 0 being up and thebinder-warp (Z and the figuring-warps A and B down for the first shot,the binder-warp (Z and the figuring-warps A and B up and the binder-warp0 down for the second shot, the binder-warp 0 up and the binder-warp (Zand figuring-warps A and B down for the third shot, the binder-warp andthe figuring-warps A and B up and the binder-warp (Z down for the fourthshot, the binder-warp (Z up and the binder-warp 0 and the figuringwarpsA and B down for the fifth shot, the binder-warp 0 and thefiguring-warps A and B up and the binderwarp (Z down for the sixth shot;the binderwarp (Z up and the binder-warp cand the figuring-warps A and Bdown for the seventh shot, and the binder-warp (Z and the figuring-warpsA and B up and. the binder-warp 0 down for the eighth shot. Thiscompletes one set or unit of weaving and is exactly repeated in thesecond set shown. By reason of the alternate lifting of the figuringwarp-threads the successive shots will go to the different plies andalternate shots to the same ply, the wefts 1, 3, 5, and 7 being in theupper ply and wefts 2, 4C, 6, and 8 in the lower ply. The binderwarp-thread 0 is woven first over the upperply binder weft-thread 1,then through the fabric to the lower ply and under the lower ply binderweft thread 2, and then back through the fabric to the upper ply andover the figuring weft-thread 3. The binder warpthread (Z is first wovenunder the upper-ply binder weft-thread 1 and over the lower-ply binderweft-thread 2 and through the fabric and under the lower-ply figuringweft-thread 4. The binder warp-thread (Z is then woven over theupper-ply binder weft thread 5, passing upward through the fabric fromthe 5 lower ply to the upper ply and then under the 1 mentioned would besolid'red at the face and lower-ply binder weft-thread 6, passingdownward from the upper ply to the lower ply and then over the upper-plyfiguring weft-thread 7, again passing upward from the lower ply to theupper ply, while the binder warpthread 0 after passing over theupper-ply figuring weft-thread 3 passes under the upperply binderweft-thread 5 and over the lowerply binder weft-thread 6 and through thefabric to the lower ply and under the lower-ply figuring weft-thread 8.

Each binder warp-thread when it performs the work of successivelybinding two binder weft-threads, one in each ply, is drawn to someextent rearwardly as it passes from ply to ply from one binderweft-thread to the other and is subjected to a particularly heavystrain, which causes it to very tightly bind the binder weft-threads. Onthe other hand, after it binds a figuring weft-thread it passes easilyforward and through the fabric to bind another widely-separated figuringweft-thread and is not subjected to the heavy strain until it is againemployed to bind the binder weftthreads. For example, the binderwarp-thread (Z binds the figuring weft-thread 4 of the lower ply, thenbinds the binder weft-thread 5 of the upper ply, then binds the binderweft-thread 6 of the lower ply, and then bindsthe figuring weft-thread 7of the upper ply, thus binding successively in different plies foursuccessive weft-threads, of which the two intermediate threads arebinder-threads, and then passes easily through thefabric to bind thefiguring weft-thread 4 of the lower ply in the second set, while theweft-threads intermediate between the figuring weft-thread 7 of thefirst set and the figuring weft-thread A of the second set to wit, thefiguring weft-thread 8 of the first set and the binder weft-threads 1and 2 and the figuring weft-thread 3 of the second set-have been in likemanner bound by the other binder warp-thread 0. Thus in each set thebinder warp-thread c binds the weft-threads 1, 2, 3, and 8, and thebinder weft-thread (Z binds the weftthreads 4L, 5, 6, and 7 and eachbinder warp-thread in passing from figuring weftthread to figuringweft-thread passes easily through the fabric, as from the weft-thread 3to the weft-thread 8 or from the weft-thread 7 of one set to theweft-thread 4: of the next set, while in passing from binder weft-threadto binder weft-thread it passes tightly and somewhat backwardly throughthe fabric, as from the weftthread 1 to the weft-thread 2 or from theweft-thread 5 to the weft-thread 6. It will be noted also that eachbinder warp-thread binds four weft-threads of each set, and thus thework of the two binder warp-threads is equalized, so that thebinderwarps are taken off equally from the warpbeam.

In the arrangement of threads shown in Fig. 2 the color effect with thecolors above solid black at the back of the fabric. This also is a wefteffect. The different manipulation of the figuring warp-threads to weavethis structure will be obvious from the drawings and from thedescription above given.

In the construction shown in Fig. 3 the color effect will be black andred in the upper ply and red and black in the lower ply, while in thearrangement shown in Fig. 4 the color effect will be red and black inthe upper ply and black and red in the lower ply. This affords adifferent arrangement or sequence of colors. 'ith a different color foreach figuring weft-thread these four varieties of arrangement in theweft effects would produce four different combinations of two colorseach. In the several weft effects the figuring warpthreads are withinthe fabric and act as stuffers to separate the figuring weft-threads andproduce an embossed effect, the binder warpthreads acting as binders forthe figuring weft-threads.

Figs. 5 to 7, inclusive, show three different warp effects. In Fig. 5the figuring warpthread A, which may becru, appears on the face of thefabric and the figuring warpthread B, which may be blue, appears on theback of the fabric. In the weaving of this warp effect and, in fact, inall effects shown in Figs. 1 to 15, inclusive, the disposition ofwarp-threads for the first and second shots and for the fifth and sixthshots is the same as above described relative to the effect shown inFig. 1. For the third shot the binder c is up, the figuring-warp A isup, and the binder (Z and figuring-warp B are down. For the fourth shotthe shed is unchanged. The'sheds for the seventh and eighth shots arethe same as for both the third and fourth shots. Thus the figuringweft-threads go to the center of the fabric and act as stuifers toseparate the figuring warp-threads, and the binder weftthreads indentthe figuring warp-threads and produce an embossed effect.

Fig. 6 exhibits solid blue at the face and solid cru at the back of thefabric. Fig. 7 exhibits cru and blue at the face and blue and cru at theback. Obviously the succession of the colors exhibited in theconstruction shown in Fig. 7 could be changed so that the effect wouldbe blue and cru at the face and cru and blue at the back. Figs. 8 to 15,inclusive, show the eight possible varieties of contrasting warp andweft effects, one warp effect and one weft effect being combined in eachset or unit of weaving. In Fig. 8 the colors would be black and cru atthe face and red and blue at the back, in Fig. 9 black and blue at theface and red and cru at the back, in Fig. 10 cru and black at the faceand blue and red at the back, and in Fig. 11 blue and black at the faceand cru and red at the back. In Fig. 12 the colors would be red and cruat the face and black and blue at the back, in Fig. 13 red and blue atthe face and black and cru at the back, in Fig. 14: cru and red at theface and blue and black at the back, and in Fig. 15 blue and red at theface and cru and black at the back. WVith different colors for eachfiguring weft-th read these several variations of structural arrangementwould of course exhibit a greater variety of colorings.

In the modified construction shown in Fig. 18 the control of thefiguring warp-threads has been altered, so that the first and fifthshots will go to the lower ply and the second and sixth shots to theupper ply. This reverses the slant of the binder warp-threads, but doesnot change the essential structure or visibly alter theexternalappearance of the fabric.

It will be observed that in this fabric each binder weft-thread is in aseparate loop of the binder warp-threads, while the figuring weftthreadsare always arranged two in a loop of binder warp-threads, and the twofiguring weft-threads may be so arranged in a loop of binderwarp-threads as to be respectively in the upper ply and the lower ply,separated by the figuring warp-threads, or as to be both in the middleof the fabric covered by a figuring warp-thread in the upper ply and afiguring warp-thread in the lower ply. The weaving of the binderweft-threads may be the same throughout the fabric and the succession ofthe lifts of the binder warp-threads unvaried, while thefiguring-threads may be varied within the loops of binder-threads, so asto produce a considerable diversification of color effects. andstructural appearance on the surfaces of the fabric.

It is obvious that other modifications may be made in the constructionshown and above particularly described within the principles and scopeof my invention.

WVhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand binder warp-threads, the binder warp-threads binding the binderweft-threads with a single binder weft-thread in each loop of binderwarp-thrcads and binding the figuring weftthreads with a plurality offiguring weftthreads in each loop of binder warp-threads.

2. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binderwarp-threads binding the binder weftthreads with a single binderweft-thread in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuringweft-threads with a plurality of figuring weft-threads in each loop ofbinder warp-threads, the figuring warp-threads acting as stuffersbetween the surface-ply figuring weft-threads.

3. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binderWarp-threads binding the binder weftthreads with a single binderweft-thread in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuringweft-threads with a plurality of figuring weft-threads in each loop ofbinder warp-threads, the figuring weft-threads aeting as stufi'ersbetween the surface-ply figuring warp-threads.

4:- A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binderwarp-threads binding the binder weftthreads with a single binderweft-thread in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuringweft-threads with a plurality of figuring weft-threads in each loop ofbinder warp-threads, the figuring warp-threads acting as stufl'ersbetween the surface-ply figuring weft-threads and the figuringweft-threads acting as stuffers between the surface-ply figuringwarpthreads.

5. A woven fabric having figuring weft threads and binder weft-threadsand binder warp-threads, the binder warp thrcads binding the binderweft-threads with a single binder weft-thread in each loop of binderwarp-threads and binding the figuring weftthreads with two figuringweft-threads in each loop of binder warp-threads.

6. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binderwarp-threads binding the binder weftthreads with a single binderweft-thread in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuringweft-threads with two figuring weft-threads in each loop of binderwarpthreads, the figuring warp-threads acting as stuffers between thesurface-ply figuring weftthreads.

7. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binderwarp-threads binding the binder weftthreads with a single binderweft-thread in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuringweft-threads with two figuring weft-threads in each loop of binderwarpthreads, the figuring weft-threads acting as stuffers between thesurface-ply figuring \Vd1'17-i3l1f821d3.

8. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and. binder weft-threadsand figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binderwarp-threads binding the binder weftthrcads with a single binderweft-thread in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuringweft-threads with two figuring weft-threads in each loop of binderwarpthreads the figuring warp-threads acting as stuffers between thesurface-ply figuring weftthreads and the figuring weft-threads acting asstufl'ers between the surface-ply figuring warp-threads.

9. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand binder warp-threads, each binder warp-thread passing from a figuringweft-thread to a binder weft-thread of one surface ply and binding thesame and then passing backward through the fabric to a binderweft-thread of the other surface ply and binding the same and thenpassing to a figuring weft-thread, and passing from a figuringweft-thread. to another figuring weft-thread between binder weft-threadsbound in like manner by another binder warp-thread.

10. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand binder warp-threads, the binder warp-threads being arranged in twosets, the binder warp-threads of one set passing from a figuringweft-thread to a binder weft-thread of one surface ply and binding thesame and then passing backward through the fabric to a binder weftthreadof the other surface ply and binding the same and then passing to afiguring weftthread, and passing from a figuring weftthread to anotherfiguring weft-thread between binder weft-threads bound in like manner bythe binder warp-threads of the other set.

11. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand binder warpthreads, the weftthreads being arranged in sets of eightweft-threads each, four figuring weft-threads and four binderweftthreads in each set, the binder warp-threads binding the binderweft-threads with a single binder weft-thread in each loop of binderwarp-threads and binding the fiugring weftthreads with two figuringweftthreads in each loop of binder warp-threads.

12. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand binder warp-threads, the Weft-threads being arranged in sets ofeight weft-threads each, four figuring weft-threads and four binderweft-threads in each set, and the binder warpthreads being arranged intwo sets, the binder warp-threads of one set passing from a figuringweft-thread to a binder weft-thread of one surface ply and binding thesame and then passing backward through the fabric to a binderweft-thread of the other surface ply and binding the same and thenpassing to a figuring weft-thread, and passing from a figuringweft-thread to another figuring weftthread between binder weft-threadsbound in like manner by the binder warp-threads of the other set.

13. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand figuring warp-threads and binder warpthreads, the weft-threads beingarranged in sets of eight weft-threads each, each set comprising, insuccession, two binder weft-threads, two figuring Weft-threads, twobinder weft-threads and two figuring weft-threads, the binderwarp-threads being arranged in two sets and binding the binderweft-threads with asingle binder weft-thread in each loop of binderwarp-threads and binding the figuring weftthreads with two figuringweft-threads in each loop of binder Warp-threads.

14. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threadsand figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the weft-threadsbeing arranged in sets of eight weft-threads each, each set comprising,in succession, two binder weft-threads, two figuring weft-threads, twobinder weft-threads and two figuring weft-threads, the figuringwarp-threads being arranged in pairs in two sets, and the binderwarp-threads being arranged in two sets and binding the binderweft-threads with a single binder weft-thread in each loop of binderwarp-threads and binding the figuring weft-threads with two figuringweft-threads in each loop of binder warpthreads, the figuringwarp-threads acting as stuffers between the surface ply figuringweft-threads and the figuring weft-threads acting as stuffers betweenthe surface-ply figuring warp-threads, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have affiXed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

THOMAS BENTON DORNAN. Vitnesses:

A. C. SIMPSON, (lens. I. MoOUsKER.

